{"id":94810,"date":"2025-08-12T06:24:30","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T06:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asm.aero\/?p=94810"},"modified":"2026-11-02T09:24:34","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T09:24:34","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0624. <strong>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa\/%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa\/\">\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/a> \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u0651\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#fundamental-components-of-a-flight-plan\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#route-and-waypoints\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#departure-and-destination-aerodromes\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#estimated-times-and-distances\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#aircraft-information\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#aircraft-identification\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aircraft-performance-data\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aircraft-equipment-and-capabilities\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#critical-timing-considerations\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#planned-departure-and-arrival-times\">\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#alternate-aerodrome-timings\">\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#weather-and-meteorological-assessments\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#forecasted-weather-along-the-route\">\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#wind-and-temperature-evaluations\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#fuel-requirements-and-planning\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0647<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#fuel-load-calculations\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#diversion-and-contingency-fuel\">\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#safety-and-emergency-procedures\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#alternate-aerodromes\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#emergency-equipment\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#airspace-and-regulatory-compliance\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#controlled-and-restricted-airspace-procedures\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#flight-level-and-altitude-assignments\">\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#communication-and-navigation-planning\">\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#communication-frequencies\">\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#navigation-aids\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#passenger-and-cargo-details\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#number-of-passengers\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#cargo-description-and-weight\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#flight-plan-submission-and-updates\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#what-are-the-essential-components-to-include-in-a-flight-plan-for-regulatory-compliance\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-does-one-accurately-complete-the-icao-flight-plan-form-particularly-items-10-and-18\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ICAO \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 10 \u064818\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-are-the-step-by-step-procedures-involved-in-preparing-a-flight-plan\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#could-you-delineate-the-mandatory-information-needed-for-atc-in-a-flight-plan-submission\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (ATC) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-is-the-significance-of-each-element-within-a-standard-flight-plan-example\">\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-do-the-icao-flight-plan-codes-affect-communication-and-coordination-during-a-flight\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ICAO \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 Aviation Services Management (ASM) \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1998\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 24\/7. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"where-planning-saves-money\">\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 A \u0625\u0644\u0649 B \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 ASM \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (FIRs)\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 ASM \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 ETOPS \u0648EDTO \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 ETOPS \u0648EDTO \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 NOTAM \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 ASM<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/li><li>\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/li><li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/li><li>\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/li><li>\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a NOTAM \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633<\/li><li>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 ETOPS \u0648EDTO \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li><li>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/li><li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 24\/7 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 24\/7\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a ASM \u0639\u0628\u0631 <a href=\"mailto:sales@asm.aero\">sales@asm.aero<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa\/%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa\/\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 ASM<\/a> \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa\/\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 ASM<\/a>. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/blog\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%84%d9%91%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ae\/\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 ASM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fundamental-components-of-a-flight-plan\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"route-and-waypoints\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"departure-and-destination-aerodromes\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%ba%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%ad%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84\/\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0643\u0627 (DAC\/VGHS)<\/a> \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 ICAO \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 EGLL \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%ba%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%af%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%b1%d9%88-lhr-egll\/\">\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0648<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"estimated-times-and-distances\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 (ETE) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 (EOBT) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 (NM)<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>EGLL<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CPT<\/td><td>53<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BCN<\/td><td>605<\/td><td>100<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aircraft-information\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0624.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aircraft-identification\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\/\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u062d Aircraft Performance Group.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aircraft-performance-data\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0634 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sheffield.com\/2024\/flight-planning-essentials.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 Sheffield \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aircraft-equipment-and-capabilities\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 GPS \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/simpleflying.com\/airline-flight-plans-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alternate-aerodrome-timings\">\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/goldenepaulettes.com\/aircraft-weather-planning?srsltid=AfmBOoo5nIh1IZZWBIa6wapY6PAvPhf0743qQAkgYyjC4r7BelUBLU6w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fuel-requirements-and-planning\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u0647<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/asm.aero\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 ASM<\/a> \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fuel-load-calculations\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/skybrary.aero\/articles\/fuel-flight-planning-definitions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diversion-and-contingency-fuel\">\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626. <strong>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 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\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.easa.europa.eu\/en\/document-library\/easy-access-rules\/online-publications\/easy-access-rules-air-operations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 EASA \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/a> \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 (<a href=\"https:\/\/skybrary.aero\/articles\/fuel-flight-planning-definitions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 SKYbrary<\/a>). \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0642\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sheffield.com\/2023\/airline-safety-procedures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"airspace-and-regulatory-compliance\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"controlled-and-restricted-airspace-procedures\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (ATC) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/ibg.aero\/service\/airspace-flight-procedures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a NOTAMs \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flight-level-and-altitude-assignments\">\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a ATC \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/an.aero\/flight-planning-overview-and-basic-terminology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/a> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-1024x640.jpg?strip=all&sharp=1\" alt=\"\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\" class=\"wp-image-68398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-1024x640.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 1024w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-300x188.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 300w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-768x480.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 768w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-1536x960.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 1536w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-2048x1280.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 2048w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-100x63.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 100w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19-1200x750.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 1200w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=512 512w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=1280 1280w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=1792 1792w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=2304 2304w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1 2560w, https:\/\/e7cgfs8dovi.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/asm_flight_support19.jpg?strip=all&amp;sharp=1&amp;w=450 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"communication-and-navigation-planning\">\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"communication-frequencies\">\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 <strong>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 121.5 MHz\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfinotebook.net\/notebook\/navigation-and-flight-planning\/flight-planning.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"navigation-aids\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 (navaids)<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 VOR (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 VHF) \u0648NDB (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629) \u0648GPS. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a VOR \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 NDBs \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 GPS \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"passenger-and-cargo-details\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"number-of-passengers\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cargo-description-and-weight\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0642\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 (\u0643\u063a)<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629<\/td><td>1,000<\/td><td>\u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td><td>200<\/td><td>\u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>100<\/td><td>\u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/simpleflying.com\/airline-flight-plans-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flight-plan-submission-and-updates\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 1 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0632\u064f\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 Just Aviation \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 SKYbrary \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0624<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/td><td>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (ATC).<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-the-essential-components-to-include-in-a-flight-plan-for-regulatory-compliance\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-does-one-accurately-complete-the-icao-flight-plan-form-particularly-items-10-and-18\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ICAO \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 10 \u064818\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 10 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 18 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f 19. \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/air_traffic\/publications\/atpubs\/aim_html\/appendix_4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a FAA \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-the-step-by-step-procedures-involved-in-preparing-a-flight-plan\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a NOTAMs. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0624\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 ATC \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"could-you-delineate-the-mandatory-information-needed-for-atc-in-a-flight-plan-submission\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (ATC) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c ATC \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-the-significance-of-each-element-within-a-standard-flight-plan-example\">\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 ATC \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-the-icao-flight-plan-codes-affect-communication-and-coordination-during-a-flight\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ICAO \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ICAO \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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